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One-third of Texans will avoid the COVID-19 vaccine, new study finds

H-E-B woman getting covid-19 vaccine shot healthcare worker

Politics, gender, and education play a part in why Texans are declining the vaccine.

Photo courtesy of H-E-B

Houstonians are swarming to COVID-19 mega-vaccination sites in desperate effort to be inoculated against the scourge of coronavirus. However, a significant portion of their Lone Star State neighbors have no such intention, a new study finds.

Some one-third of Texans say they are unlikely to be immunized against COVID-19, according to a nationwide survey by the University of Houston Hobby School of Public Affairs. The study (see the full report here) also finds that more than 40 percent of Texans say they are certain to be vaccinated against COVID-19, according to a press release.

A significant number of Texans — more than one out of five or 22 percent — say they definitely will not accept a vaccine.

For some perspective, Texas has reported more than 2.4 million cases of COVID-19 and more than 37,000 deaths since the pandemic began last year.

Experts estimate between 70 percent and 90 percent of the population must be vaccinated in order to achieve herd immunity. Approximately 3 percent of Texans responding to the Hobby School survey reported that they already had received at least the first shot in the two-shot immunization process, per a press release.

So why are Texans reticent about getting vaccinated?

“More than 60 percent of people who are hesitant to be immunized had concerns about potential side effects and worried that the vaccine is too new,” Kirk P. Watson, founding dean of the Hobby School, said in a statement. “Understanding why people resist immunization is an important step in reaching herd immunity.”

Some of the trepidation can even be linked to gender, education, and even politics, the study finds. Women and those without a four-year degree were substantially more likely to say they will not get a vaccine, the survey notes. The survey didn’t reveal dramatic variations among racial and ethnic groups.

“And we found that Democrats are significantly more likely than Republicans to report they definitely will be vaccinated against COVID, at 53 percent vs. 33 percent respectively,” said Mark P. Jones, a Hobby School senior research associate. “Republicans are more than twice as likely to say they definitely will not get vaccinated, at 28 percent compared with 11 percent of Democrats.”

Among other findings, per a press release:

38 percent said they definitely will get the shot, while another 18 percent said they probably will.
22 percent said they definitely will not be immunized; another 10 percent said they probably will not. 9 percent said they have not decided.
African Americans reported greater uncertainty about the vaccine, with 15 percent saying they are undecided and 48 percent reporting they have already received it or definitely or probably will get it.
10 percent of Latinos and 7 percent of Anglos are undecided, while 60 percent of Latinos and 59 percent of Anglos said they already have received it or definitely or probably will.
66 percent of those who definitely or probably will not get the vaccine are worried about side effects; 65 percent said the vaccine is too new and they prefer to wait. 44 percent said the risks of Covid-19 have been exaggerated.
58 percent of those resisting the vaccine say they don’t trust the government to ensure it is safe; 57 percent say the same about pharmaceutical companies.

To conduct the survey, the Hobby School of Public Affairs at the University of Houston offered an online survey among Texans 18 and older from January 12-20. Some 1,329 residents responded, resulting in a confidence interval of +/-2.7. Respondents were matched to a sampling frame on gender, age, ethnicity/race, and education, and are representative of the Texas adult population, according to UH.

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income analysis

Texas families need to make this much money for one parent to stay home

Photo by CDC on Unsplash

With costs to raise a child soaring over $20,000 a year in Texas, some households might decide to have one parent work while the other stays at home to raise their child.

As the cost of raising a child balloons in major cities like Houston, many families are weighing the choice between paying for child care or having one parent stay home full-time.

A recent analysis from SmartAsset determined the minimum income one parent needs to earn to support their partner staying at home to raise one child in all 50 states. In Texas — not just Houston — that amount is just under $75,000.

The study used the MIT Living Wage Calculator to compare the annual living wages needed for a household with two working adults and one child, and a household with one working adult, a stay-at-home parent, and one child. The study also calculated how much it would cost to raise a child with two working parents based on factors such as "food, housing, childcare, healthcare, transportation, incremental income taxes and other necessities."

A Texas household with one working parent would need to earn $74,734 a year to support a stay-at-home partner and a child, the report found. If two parents worked in the household, necessitating some additional costs like childcare and transportation, it would require an additional $10,504 in annual income to raise their child.

SmartAsset said the cost to raise a child in Texas in a two-working-parent household adds up to $23,587. Raising a child in Houston, however, is somewhat more affordable. A separate SmartAsset study from June 2025 determined it costs $21,868 to raise a child in the Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands metro.

In the report's ranking of states with the highest minimum income needed to support a family with one working adult, a stay-at-home parent, and one child, Texas ranked 32nd on the list.

In other states like Massachusetts, where raising a child can cost more than $40,000 a year, the report acknowledges ways families are working to reduce any financial burdens.

"This often includes considerations around who’s going to work in the household, and whether young children will require paid daycare services while parents are occupied," the report said. "With tradeoffs abound, many parents might seek to understand the minimum income needed to keep the family afloat while allowing the other parent to stay home to raise a young child."

The top 10 states with the lowest minimum income threshold to support a three-person family on one income are:

West Virginia – $68,099
Arkansas – $68,141
Mississippi – $70,242
Kentucky – $70,408
North Dakota – $70,949
Oklahoma – $71,718
Ohio – $72,114
South Dakota – $72,218
Alabama – $72,238
Nebraska – $72,966

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