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    The Caribbean without the crowd

    Dreaming of a deserted tropical island? Florida's Dry Tortugas is as close asyou get

    Stephan Lorenz
    Jun 18, 2011 | 5:30 pm
    • Garden Key has two beaches, perfect for swimming and snorkeling.
      Photo by Stephan Lorenz
    • Red brick reflects in the calm water of the moat, which has withstood manystorms and hurricanes.
      Photo by Stephan Lorenz
    • The most rewarding snorkeling is found among the pilings of the old coalingdocks, where coral has grown over the past hundred years and reef fishes seekshelter.
      Photo by Stephan Lorenz
    • The lighthouse atop Fort Jefferson.
      Photo by Stephan Lorenz
    • The top of the fort offers great views of the turquoise waters and nearbyislands, of which Bush Key is the closest.
      Photo by Stephan Lorenz
    • The tiny island of Bush Key harbors 70,000 nesting seabirds every summer.
      Photo by Stephan Lorenz
    • Kayakers can enjoy flat water and explore some of the more inaccessible parts ofthe Dry Tortugas.
      Photo by Stephan Lorenz
    • The three-tiered structure of Fort Jefferson was designed to support hundreds ofcannons to control access to the Gulf of Mexico.
      Photo by Stephan Lorenz
    • The waters surrounding Garden Key are perfectly blue above and clear below.
      Photo by Stephan Lorenz
    • Construction of Fort Jefferson began in 1846, but was never completed. The DryTortugas, including the fort, were declared a national park in 1992.
      Photo by Stephan Lorenz
    • The lighthouse warned ships of the reefs and shoals, and cannons warnedpotential enemies.
      Photo by Stephan Lorenz
    • Flowers grow along the beach on Garden Key.
      Photo by Stephan Lorenz
    • The walls of the hexagon-shaped fort are up to eight feet thick. Theconstruction was so heavy that walls protecting cisterns cracked, spoilingcollected rainwater with saltwater.
      Photo by Stephan Lorenz
    • Scattered trees on the parade grounds offer valuable shade.
      Photo by Stephan Lorenz
    • Visitors can wander along the silent archways.
      Photo by Stephan Lorenz
    • Loggerhead Key is the largest island in the Dry Tortugas.
      Photo by Stephan Lorenz

    Let's play a little Jeopardy!, shall we? We'll take Geography for $500, Alex.

    Answer: “It's considered the most remote national park in the lower 48 states.”

    Lower 48 states, national park, remote — thinking, thinking, thinking. Well, it can’t be east of the Mississippi, and the West Coast is pretty much clogged up with civilization, too. It has to be in the heartland somewhere, probably up north.

    Maybe in the empty frozen prairies. "What is Theodore Roosevelt National Park in North Dakota?" A wild (but good) guess. But while that is off the beaten track, it’s not the right answer.

    Try Florida.

    Florida? Yes, Florida. On top of that, the most remote national park in the lower 48 states is located in south Florida.

    Beyond the silver high rises of Miami, beyond the gated communities and exclusive marinas on the Keys, beyond Hemingway’s Key West — land’s end — lies Dry Tortugas National Park.

    The Caribbean coast without the crowds

    Stretching the geopolitical limits of the U.S., a cluster of tiny islands, sandspits and shoals — some no more than a foot above sea-level — rival Caribbean vacation meccas. But they come without amenities, and therefore, without the tourists.

    The shallow sea surrounding the Dry Tortugas shines turquoise from above, and is polished glass below. For those willing to make the long trip, small white sand beaches, tropical fish and unique 19th century history await.

    For those willing to rough it, a nearly deserted tropical paradise and mind-bending night skies challenged by watery bioluminescence are on offer.

    Go for the day, stay for the night

    The name “tortugas” — Spanish for "turtle" — refers to the multitude of sea turtles that once plowed the waters surrounding the islands. The adjective “dry” was added to warn mariners of the lack of freshwater. Sadly, the numbers of turtles have declined dramatically, but the water situation has largely remained the same.

    I started my boarding process pre-dawn, carrying gallons of water onto the dock at Land’s End Marina in Key West.

    From Key West, it’s a 70-mile journey across open water to reach the Dry Tortugas. It's possible to reach the islands by seaplane, which offers great views from above, or by daily ferry.

    The Yankee Freedom II provides day tours, and can also shuttle campers to the national park. The trip by boat takes about two-and-a-half hours, and an excursion for the day leaves visitors about four hours on the island — enough to wander the historic Fort Jefferson and do some snorkeling and sun bathing.

    But day trippers miss the stars, the setting sun burning the Gulf of Mexico, and the quiet evenings. I planned to camp two nights, but soon wished I would have stayed longer.

    From military service to park service

    With my gear, water, tuna and crackers stowed, the ferry left the harbor after 8 a.m. and motored west. The catamaran skimmed across the azure water, a flat calm to the surreal morning. Halfway, we passed the uninhabited Marquesa Islands — thin strips of green hovering on the blue horizon. The stretch of shallow water that followed is favored by sea turtles of three species, and I saw dozens lolling on the surface, diving lazily as the boat's wake washed over them.

    Fort Jefferson, an unfinished military bastion-cum-prison that was abandoned and then turned into a historic landmark, is the highest point, and by far the largest structure for hundreds of square miles. Construction began in 1846, and while the fort was nearly complete, it was never fully armed. It was eventually relegated into an army prison.

    At its peak, it housed nearly 2,000 soldiers and civilians on an island less than a square mile large. Improved artillery rendered the fort obsolete by the end of the 19th century, and 100 years later, the islands, including the fort, were declared a national park.

    The red brick walls of the fortification were visible for the last 20 minutes of the crossing. The ferry passed the gleaming sands of tiny East, Middle, and Hospital Keys, before anchoring at Garden Key. Fort Jefferson covers nearly the entire island, barely leaving room for the dock, a small picnic area and campground, and two crescents of sand.

    Snorkel and saunter

    I hauled my gear to one of the seven campsites and managed to snag a little shade under a small copse of trees and brush. Camping here is primitive — all food and water must be be brought with you, all trash packed out, and only pit toilets are available.

    I had three days and everything to do. I snorkeled for hours, admiring enormous brain and stag coral. Kaleidoscopic parrotfish hugged the sandy bottom and hefty groupers hid beneath sunken boards. The wooden posts of the old coaling docks have turned into a garden of coral in the past 100 years, offering the best snorkeling.

    Sea fans waved in the gentle current, and reef fish too numerous to count darted in and out. Swarms of tiny silvery minnows, so dense they decreased visibility to a foot, hovered between the pilings.

    One morning I snorkeled out to the corals off the eastern beach, and suddenly found myself among a group of 30 tarpon — some of them five feet in length — as they searched silently for their next meal.

    To dry off, I meandered in the fort. This immense, essentially inefficient bastion could only have been conceived by the U.S. government. With more than 16 million bricks, it represents the largest masonry structure in the western hemisphere.

    I walked to Dr. Samuel Mudd’s cell, one of the prison's most famous prisoners for his involvement with the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. I wandered along empty halls and took a narrow spiral staircase to the top of the wall. The three-tiered structure was supposed to house hundreds of artillery, protected behind brick and mortar up to eight feet thick.

    Today, a few relic cannons are on display. A moat protects the hexagonal outline of the fort — from enemies in the past, from hurricanes today.

    Standing next to the lighthouse, black metal under the fierce sun, I looked north. Tens of thousands of birds wheeled, screeching, above nearby Bush Key. Every year 70,000 seabirds come to this remote spit of land to raise their young.

    The invertebrates come out at night

    The island grew quiet after the day trippers left (except for the birds squawking), the small beach emptied, the heat relented and the scene perfected itself for a sunset swim. I watched the last of the sun cool from white to yellow to deep orange and sink just to the west of distant Loggerhead Key. Fort Jefferson closes at sunset, leaving campers to take night walks along the moat wall, read or stargaze.

    I strolled along the moat under a night sky unblemished by light pollution. Instead of single stars, it looked like glowing dust blown into black.

    Staring into the inky water below, I noticed flashes, like weak blue neon. I looked closer and saw them again, more and more.

    It took me awhile to figure it out what was happening. Apparently, inside the shallow warm water of the moat, bioluminescent invertebrates had been concentrated, and the quick spurts of fish large and small disturbed the water enough to make them glow.

    The national park doesn't permit swimming or snorkeling in the moat. But the next morning, I talked to a fellow camper who could not resist the lure of the light. He said he had walked into the shallow luminous water, next to a large fish that left thick streaks of bluish light. Then he dove into the black that broke into specks of bright ephemeral flakes around his hands. Almost like exploding glass under a bright sun, but soft, he'd told me.

    Yet after 30 seconds of this phantasmal reverie, it became apparent why swimming in the moat was not recommended. In addition to aggregating effulgent siren-like creatures, the water also contained a high density of jellyfish. Distinct burns on his arms, legs, and more sensitive regions roused the fellow camper from his dreamlike swim.

    He scrambled back onto the beach. "It was worth it," he said.

    The Dry Tortugas are more than worth it. The park offers the chance of remote camping, world-class snorkeling and pristine waters with hardly any effort or cost. I am already making plans to return and stay longer.

    unspecified
    news/travel

    Preservation efforts

    South Texas mission makes list of America’s most endangered historic places

    Associated Press
    May 21, 2026 | 4:00 pm
    Ruidosa Church
    Facebook/Friends of the Ruidosa Church
    El Corazon Sagrado de la Iglesia de Jesus in Ruidosa, Texas is considered an endangered place.

    WASHINGTON (AP) — A historic South Texas mission joins the Stonewall National Monument, the President's House Site, and the Women's Rights National Historic Park among 11 sites on this year's annual list of the most endangered historic places in the United States compiled by the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

    The 2026 list, announced Wednesday, May 20, marks America's 250th anniversary with the foundational principle that everyone is created equal as the theme, said Carol Quillen, president and CEO of the nonprofit organization. The 11 sites offer examples of how, over time, Americans have fought against injustice and for equality, she said.

    “We wanted to think about those ideas, especially this notion that all human beings are created equal and find places, sometimes unsung places ... that not all Americans routinely think about," Quillen told The Associated Press.

    The sites are spread across the United States — from New York and California on the East and West Coasts, to Alabama and Texas in the South, to Michigan in the Midwest and the Four Corners of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah in the Rocky Mountain West.

    At least three of the sites — Stonewall, the El Corazon church in Texas, and President's House in Philadelphia — have been endangered by Trump administration actions.

    “We want to save these places," Quillen said, “not just because the bricks and mortar is important but because the stories these places hold are important."

    For the first time since the list debuted in 1988, each site on the 2026 list will receive a one-time $25,000 grant to help highlight their connections to the principle that all people are created equal and address the threats they face.

    The 11 sites are:

    Ruidosa, Texas: El Corazon Sagrado de la Iglesia de Jesus
    The more than century-old adobe church served as a refuge and place of worship for Mexican and Mexican American farming communities on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border along the Rio Grande River. Vacant since the 1950s, the structure has benefited from continued restoration provided by the nonprofit Friends of the Ruidosa Church but remains threatened by proposed construction of a U.S. border wall that could come within a few hundred yards of the property. (The nonprofit has posted an official statement and more information about the border wall here.) Ruidosa is in far west Texas, roughly 35 miles northwest of Presidio and 46 miles southwest of Marfa, near the rugged Chinati Mountains.

    El Corazon Sagrado de la Iglesia de Jesus A historic photograph of El Corazon Sagrado de la Iglesia de Jesus.Facebook/Friends of the Ruidosa Church

    Montgomery, Alabama: Ben Moore Hotel
    The hotel was a refuge for Black people living under laws that enforced racial separation in the South. Prolonged vacancy has caused structural deterioration and the historic Centennial Hill neighborhood surrounding it faces pressure from development. The hotel housed key players from the Civil Rights Movement, including the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Rev. Ralph Abernathy. The Conservation Fund announced in November that it would help preserve the hotel.

    Modoc County, California: Tule Lake Segregation Center
    Initially known as the Tule Lake War Relocation Center, it was set up as a camp but later became a segregation center where Japanese Americans who were thought to be disloyal to the United States were imprisoned. The site is now a national monument managed by the National Park Service. Only 37 acres of the 1,100-acre site is protected. Most of it is at risk of permanent alteration from a proposed nearby construction project.

    California: Angel Island Immigration Station
    It was the largest immigration port on the West Coast between 1910 and 1940, particularly for immigrants from Asia and the Pacific. Hundreds of thousands were processed, detained and/or interrogated there because of their race. The station currently is threatened by physical, environmental, political and economic factors. Additional funding is needed for structural repairs and programming to increase awareness.

    Somerset, Massachusetts: Swansea Friends Meeting House
    Recognized as the oldest surviving Quaker meeting house in the state, it was built in 1701 to serve as a refuge by a congregation fleeing religious persecution and looking for a safe place to worship. The building has been closed for years and needs significant rehabilitation.

    Michigan: Detroit Association of Women's Clubs
    Founded in 1921, the association was one of the first Black organizations in Detroit to own their headquarters building, which was purchased in 1941. But the building has been closed since 2024, when water pipes burst and damaged the interior. Money is needed to help the association reopen the building.

    New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, Utah: Greater Chaco Cultural Landscape
    The landscape is an ancestral homeland sustained for over a millennium by the Pueblo and Hopi people, but is threatened by changes to federal land policy that could open up significant portions to oil and gas development. Permanent protections and tribal consultation are needed to protect its cultural integrity.

    Seneca Falls, New York: Women's Rights National Historical Park
    The park tells the story of the first Women's Rights Convention, held in Seneca Falls, in July 1848. It faces a deferred maintenance backlog of over $10 million. Additional funding and support are needed to help preserve the park as a place to teach visitors about the history of women's rights.

    New York: Stonewall National Monument
    The first and only U.S. national monument dedicated to LGBTQ+ history was the subject of administration actions that saw the rainbow Pride flag removed from its flagpole earlier this year before it was restored. The National Park Service had removed the flag in February, citing federal guidance that limited the agency to displaying only the American, Interior Department and POW/MIA flags. But the administration reversed course in April as it agreed to settle a lawsuit filed by advocacy and historic preservation groups that sought to block the flag's removal at the Manhattan site.

    After Trump returned to office, he ended diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives, and many references to transgender people were excised from the Stonewall monument’s website and materials. The Republican administration similarly has put national parks, museums and landmarks under a messaging microscope, aiming to remove or alter materials that it says are “divisive or partisan” or “inappropriately disparage Americans.”

    Philadelphia: The President's House Site
    The administration abruptly removed exhibits on the lives of nine people enslaved at the site in the 1790s under George Washington, the first U.S. president, who lived there when Philadelphia served as the nation's capital. The exhibits were taken down as part of a broad effort by the administration to remove from federal properties information it deems “disparaging” to Americans. The issue is currently the subject of litigation between the city and federal government.

    Heath Springs, South Carolina: Hanging Rock Revolutionary War Battlefield
    The Battle of Hanging Rock was a key battle in the Southern Campaigns of the Revolutionary War and is considered a Patriot victory that helped boost morale and ultimately weaken British control in South Carolina. Only portions of the core battlefield are protected and open to the public, with the area anticipating population growth and increasing development pressures.

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