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    Up in the air

    The United argument: Southwest international flights at Hobby will hurt Houston,benefit Dallas and Atlanta

    Clifford Pugh
    Whitney Radley
    May 17, 2012 | 12:32 pm
    • Gordon Bethune contends that United will have to curtail connecting flights intoHouston if a second international airport is established at Hobby Airport.
    • United officials contend that Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport will be abig beneficiary if Houston is split into two international airports.
      Photo courtesy of Grand Hyatt
    • "We compete against (Southwest Airlines) every day to LA and San Francisco. Wedo fine," says Bethune, the former CEO of Continental Airlines, which has mergedwith United.
      Photo by Charles Dharapak/AP
    • Gordon Bethune
      Courtesy Photo

    Like a feuding couple, the new United Airlines and Houston are in a rocky relationship. Picking Chicago over Houston for the combined airline's headquarters left a lot of hurt feelings and a loss of jobs here (although United officials say the 17,000 employees in Houston now rival pre-merger levels). Tales of woe about lost baggage and inferior service are common. The general feeling in Houston is things were a lot better when Continental was its own airline.

    So when Southwest Airlines asked for city approval to create an international terminal at Hobby Airport, it seemed like a great way to stick it to United. Even United officials concede they are losing the public relations battle in getting their message out. The Houston City Council is expected to make a decision late this month or in early June.

    "It's not about United versus Southwest. That's what they're trying to make it," said Bethune, who has always had a reputation for bluntly speaking his mind. "It's Houston versus Dallas and Atlanta."

    But Gordon Bethune, the legendary executive who ran Continental from 1994 until his retirement in 2004 and who is credited for turning its fortunes around, believes that basing such an important decision on hurt feelings rather than what makes sense for Houston's long-term growth will severely damage the city's status as a transportation center, curtail flights and could eventually relegate Houston to second-tier status in the air wars.

    "Why would you want to shoot yourself in the foot because you're pissed off about a lost bag?" he said.

    Bethune, Nene Foxhall, United executive vice-president of government and corporate affairs, and lobbyist Bill Miller sat down with CultureMap to give the airline's perspective on the fight. They question Southwest's job estimates and projected air fares, the economic impact of flights to Mexico out of Hobby and the financing of an international terminal.

    But the argument they emphasize most vehemently is that splitting Houston into two international airports will give a huge competitive advantage to Dallas and Atlanta, which just opened a $1.4 billion international terminal.

    "It's not about United versus Southwest. That's what they're trying to make it," said Bethune, who has always had a reputation for bluntly speaking his mind. "It's Houston versus Dallas and Atlanta."

    The case for connectivity

    Neither Dallas nor Atlanta has a competing airport offering international service. In fact, the United team points out, Southwest agreed not to offer international service from Love Field in Dallas, thus leaving all international traffic to Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport.

    "It's not us and Southwest. We compete against them every day to LA and San Francisco. We do fine," Bethune said. "If we were worried about Southwest for competition, we would have been out of business a long time ago."

    United representatives claim that the decreased cost of air fare across the board, perhaps Southwest's biggest selling point in its campaign for international flights out of Hobby, is a myth based on long-ago oil prices.

    Bethune believes that splitting the international travel market between two Houston airports will spur air carriers like Qatar Airways, Qantas, Gulf Air and ANA(All Nippon Airways) to bypass Houston in favor of Dallas or Atlanta when looking to expand service and will eventually lead to fewer national and international flight options out of Houston.

    "Why would you make yourself two San Antonio's out of one Houston?"

    "Here's why," he said. "You're going to fly to Houston nonstop — and maybe only 20 percent of the people are going to Houston — so we have a lot of connects because we want San Antonio customers, we want Leon (Mexico) customers, we want San Francisco customers.

    "But instead of four flights a day to Acapulco, we go down to two and (Southwest) has two. So the Qatar flight lands just after your flight (to Acapulco) took off and you've got to wait five or six hours. So you don't get on the Qatar flight to Houston, you get on somebody else's flight that has a better connection.

    "The multiple cities connectivity of Houston, that's like bait on a hook for a fish. Why would you make yourself two San Antonios out of one Houston? San Antonio, Austin, New Orleans would give anything to have the air service Houston has."

    Bethune adds that one of the last things he did before retiring from Continental in 2004 was order the new Boeing 787 Dreamliner. "It's late but it's coming this year. Who's going to get it? You are, right now," he said, pointing out that the plane will fly nonstop to New Zealand, making Houston the only city in the nation to offer such service.

    Bethune said that Houston was chosen because the plane "was born here" and because United is run by former Continental CEO Jeff Smisek, who has kept his home in Houston and commutes to Chicago. But the bottom line toward profitability is having connecting flights from other cities to feed into the nonstop flight.

    "There's not 15 people in Houston who want to go to Auckland everyday. But those connections and that airplane enables you. Why would you give that up?

    "You know what they're going to do in Atlanta if you sign this deal? High five because you have just diluted your attraction to Gulf Air, ANA, Qantas, any of the big guys. (Houston) won't have the allure because it won't have the connectivity."

    Dueling international flights

    Critics of the United argument point out that Miami and Fort Lauderdale, Oakland and San Francisco, and Newark and JFK have dueling international flights in the same geographic area, but Bethune said the airports are run by competing government entities.

    "You think Oakland gives a shit about San Francisco? I think you're turning Houston against ourselves. I'm OK with turning it against Atlanta and anywhere else, but no other city does it this way. And you know why? Because it's stupid."

    Why does Bethune feel so strongly about the issue, since he is no longer affiliated with the airline and is a minimal shareholder?

    "Sweat equity I'd guess you'd say," he said, noting all the hard work he put into building a first-class airline. "And I hate to see it destroyed by a bunch of guys from Dallas. And a bunch of uninformed people."

    "It won't be day or night right away. You just won't grow as fast and you'll start slowing down. And other guys will pick up a little faster. And the next thing, instead of being at the top tier, you'll be in the second tier."

    Realistically, what will happen in Houston aviation if Dallas-based Southwest gets the go-ahead for international service out of Hobby?

    "It's like getting old. You just feel worse every day," said Bethune, who turned 70 last year. "It won't be day or night right away. You just won't grow as fast and you'll start slowing down. And other guys will pick up a little faster. And the next thing, instead of being at the top tier, you'll be in the second tier.

    "That might take 10 years, but you certainly won't be competitive with Dallas or Atlanta."

    And as for the new United?

    "I would have done this (merger) myself," Bethune said. "Houston will so benefit from this United merger. It will just knock the socks off. It's not check; it's checkmate.You've got a worldwide network, one air carrier and the main focus is right here. You've got a lot of agendas between the unions and who's going to represent whom. There's a lot of friction, because we haven't (fully) merged. Things aren't smooth, but that will all settle down.

    "A lot of employees feel badly. But I remind them that in 1994 they would rip the damn name tags off because Continental was such a shit place to work. Well, who made it a good place to work? They made it a good place. The answer is this can be the best airline in the world. The same guys who helped me make it are running this one.

    "You've got a little stutter step going now because it's a little tough, you've got a different culture, but the people who made Continental a good name are still out here. There's nothing wrong with them just because it says United on the name."

    Editor's note: We have contacted Southwest Airlines to present its best case on why it should be allowed to operate international flights out of Hobby Airport. If you have questions for either side of the issue, email them to clifford@culturemap.com

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    Notes from a chef

    Globe-trotting Houston chef reviews Noma's $1,500 Los Angeles pop-up

    CultureMap Staff
    Oct 9, 2026 | 4:00 pm
    David Skinner Noma Los Angeles
    Courtesy of David Skinner
    Pink pepper Dungeness crab.

    [Editor’s note: When David Skinner, chef and owner of Kemah’s celebrated eculent and Ishtia restaurants, offered to share his experience eating at one of the world’s best restaurants, we said, of course. Read on for his experience at Copenhagen restaurant Noma’s pop-up in Los Angeles that took place this summer. Take it away, David.]

    The crab was alive a few minutes before I ate it.

    Just before service, the kitchen broke down a Dungeness crab and set it over open charcoal, the downtown Los Angeles skyline behind the smoke. It came to the table wreathed in dried pink pepper branches, with a butter sauce built on the same pepper. I've eaten crab all over the world — this was maybe the best crab ever.

    That was the first of 17 courses at Noma LA, and the best bite of the afternoon. Leading with your best shot is either confidence or a statement. By the end of lunch, I'd decided it was both.

    The residency had begun in turmoil. Founder René Redzepi stepped away from the residency the day it opened, following a news investigation into allegations of demeaning treatment of staff — conduct that had been discussed in industry circles for years. Protesters gathered at the gate that day. The kitchen, led by Pablo Soto, carried on through the residency's close on June 26.

    I went for lunch at the Paramour Estate, the 1920s Mediterranean mansion in Silver Lake that Noma called home for 16 weeks. For more than 30 years, I've traveled the world in search of culture, a little mystery, and always food, eating everywhere from strangers' kitchen tables to three-Michelin-star dining rooms.

    As the chef behind eculent and Ishtia in Kemah, I also eat with a cook's eye — which means I'll tell you what was brilliant and what was oversalted. Noma LA had a little of both, but after a half dozen meals at Noma over the past 10 years, I can say this one was a standout.

    The setup

    The logistics alone are remarkable. Noma relocated roughly 130 staff members and their families to Los Angeles and built a pantry sourced within 300 miles of the mansion. Lunch ran 17 courses over about four hours at $1,500 per person, including beverages and gratuity.

    Chef Soto greeted us at the entrance with the full kitchen staff, a Noma tradition. By the time I arrived, the protesters were long gone, and the brigade seemed to be cooking with a sense of relief.

    Rather than choose between the wine pairing and the nonalcoholic program, we asked our server, Mara, to mix the two course by course. She nailed it, moving from a sparkling rose-and-pink-pepper drink to a bright cherimoya lemonade to a 25-year-old Tony Coturri zinfandel from Glen Ellen that became the table's favorite pour.

    The standouts

    The crab. It opened the meal, and nothing that followed topped it. The pink pepper did double duty with the dried branches perfuming the shell, the butter sauce carrying a gentle heat — the sweet, smoky meat needed nothing else. Alongside came a 2022 Phelan Farm chardonnay from Rajat Parr's Cambria operation: white Burgundy in spirit, California in its bones.

    The cactus. Pickled tacinga cactus, marinated in Oaxacan mezcal and citrus and crowned with honeypot ants, arrived beneath a live cactus paddle with a eucalyptus handle.

    The acorn. A single braised acorn, glazed with black pepper, sat atop an uni custard made with Santa Barbara sea urchin and caviar in hoja santa oil. The server described it as a nod to California's Indigenous peoples. As a Choctaw, whose ancestors relied on acorns for thousands of years, I felt that one. It was also the most technically accomplished savory course of the meal.

    The seaweed and clams. Six varieties of Southern California seaweed with butter-kissed clams tasted like the coast itself. This is Noma at its best: not interpreting California so much as listening to it.

    The tuna eye. I've eaten cod eye at Noma in Copenhagen, but this version was way better. The kitchen removed the tough cornea, replaced it with a thin disk of kumquat, and served the eye chilled inside a ruby-red banana flower bract. Rich and gelatinous, it's eaten in one bite. When our table wondered aloud where the rest of all that tuna goes, Mara had the answer: family meal for the staff.

    The kelp mole. Grilled greens, a squash blossom stuffed with huitlacoche, and an artichoke on its stalk arrived with tortillas from Komal, one of Los Angeles's top heirloom molinos, paired with a mole built on kelp.

    Between the acorn, the cactus, and the mole, a question kept surfacing: what does it mean for a Danish kitchen to arrive in someone else's pantry and cook as though it has always been there? Some of these ingredients have fed Indigenous and Mexican cooks for centuries. Noma handled them with obvious respect and real curiosity. Sometimes, though, the line between homage and borrowing comes down to whether you're willing to say the name out loud.

    Dessert kept the surprises coming, including a macadamia custard served in a sunflower whose base turned out to be beeswax. The finale arrived as a bundle of ferns tied with string. Diners snip it open with tiny scissors to find a chocolate cookie and a fortune inside. Mine quoted Nietzsche: You must have chaos within you to give birth to a dancing star.

    Nietzsche, at $1,500 a head, in a Silver Lake mansion, from a kitchen whose founder walked away on opening day while protesters stood at the gate. The kitchen knew exactly what it was doing.

    The full menu, course by course

    For those keeping score, here's the complete lineup.

    Pink pepper Dungeness crab
    Daylily crab dumpling — The rest of the crab, tucked inside a trumpet-shaped daylily with buds plumped in crustacean liquor. The flower dominated; the crab was the reason to eat it.
    Chilled lobster broth — Spiny lobster stock, dashi, and elderflower oil served chilled in the lobster's own coral-colored shell. A palate reset dressed as a course.
    Spot prawn with matcha — Served in real seaweed, the head filled with smoked pumpkin paste for sucking, the tail painted with matcha. Paired with the 2024 Verso from Caleb Leisure in Sebastopol.
    Sea urchin custard and braised acorn
    Cactus with mezcal
    Ragout of California botanicals — Seasonal greens, peas, and herbs in a warm, quiet preparation, tied together by a hint of horseradish.
    SoCal seaweed and clam
    Tuna neck — Minced tuna neck in a koji-inoculated steamed bun with the texture of suede, topped with translucent shards of dried chicken-stock skin. Paired with the 2000 Estate Zinfandel from Tony Coturri.
    Tuna eye
    Black pearl rice steamed in avocado leaf — Ringed with pistachio oil and scattered with dime-sized macadamia slices. Humble ingredients in the spirit of California great Jeremiah Tower.
    Morels with habanero and yuzu — Sierra Nevada morels on turkey-tail mushrooms over hot stones. Bright and spicy, but heavy on the salt.
    Greens and grilled artichoke in spiced kelp mole
    Cherimoya and lemongrass — A green cocoa butter shell shaped like a cactus, hiding a smooth cherimoya ice cream. A California fruit most California menus ignore.
    Macadamia milk custard and pistachio — Topped with heirloom Hong Kong kumquats from a handful of research trees that fruit four weeks a year, served in a beeswax-lined sunflower.
    Silver Lake fortune cookie — A Chiapas chocolate mousse cookie garnished with insects, hidden in a bundle of ferns you cut open with tiny scissors. Fortune included.

    The misses

    Not every course landed. Morels with habanero and yuzu were oversalted, and some presentations were delivered too quietly to catch the full story. At $1,500 a seat, the storytelling should be as confident as the cooking.

    The verdict

    Having now eaten Noma's traveling editions in Tulum and Los Angeles, I'll offer an opinion that may be unpopular in certain circles: the pop-ups are better than Copenhagen. Maybe it's the hunt for new ingredients, or the urgency of a 16-week run in a borrowed house. Whatever the reason, the results are hard to argue with. I put that theory to the test in August, when I returned to Noma on my birthday, three days after it reopened with Soto at the helm. More on that meal soon.

    Noma LA wasn't really a restaurant. It was an argument about a place, made in food, by people who flew 6,000 miles to make it. The argument was frequently brilliant, occasionally presumptuous, and closed with Nietzsche in a fortune cookie. On balance, it won.

    ----

    David Skinner is a James Beard Award semifinalist for Best Chef: Texas and the owner of eculent and Ishtia in Kemah. He also writes the culinary travel journal Destination Eater on Substack.

    David Skinner Noma Los Angeles

    Courtesy of David Skinner

    Pink pepper Dungeness crab.

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