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    changing the color of the sky

    Seeing is believing: James Turrell reveals the secrets of his mind-bendingSkyspace at Rice

    Tyler Rudick
    May 6, 2012 | 12:18 am
    • Turrell has designed at least 70 large-scale installations since the 1970s,including pieces at the Live Oak Meeting House in the Heights and at the Museumof Fine Arts, Houston.
      Photo by © Michelle Watson/CatchLightGroup.com
    • People feel color in relation to sound," Turrell said. "For many, when they heara loud sound, they see a color. Or when they see a color, they hear a sort ofinternal music or sound. Everyone has this."
      Photo by © Michelle Watson/CatchLightGroup.com
    • Encased within a large mound, the outdoor observation area of Twilight Epiphanyis topped with a elevated flat roof containing a large square oculus.
      Photo by © Michelle Watson/CatchLightGroup.com
    • Photo by © Michelle Watson/CatchLightGroup.com
    • Photo by © Michelle Watson/CatchLightGroup.com
    • Photo by © Michelle Watson/CatchLightGroup.com

    "It's funny, I actually planned a skyspace at Rice with Dominique de Menil back in 1978," artist James Turrell told CultureMap during a Saturday brunch celebrating the opening of the Skyspace Twilight Epiphany, his massive new outdoor installation outside Rice University's Shepherd School of Music.

    "It was going to go right next to the Art Barn, which they now called the Media Center," he laughed, adding that the project failed to materialize at the time.

    More than three decades later, Rice has finally gotten its Turrell. The artist noted that he's designed at least 70 large-scale installations since the unrealized Menil plan, including pieces at the Live Oak Meeting House in the Heights and at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.

    Since the 1970s, Turrell has dedicated the bulk of his creative output to the "skyspace" — an enclosed environment dedicated to observing the sky, usually through an opening or aperture in the roof.

    Since the 1970s, Turrell has dedicated the bulk of his creative output to the "skyspace" — an enclosed environment dedicated to observing the sky, usually through an opening or aperture in the roof. Early skyspaces tended to be inside buildings or underground.

    In the past decade, however, Turrell said his installations have remained largely outdoors and above ground.

    In line with this recent work, Twilight Epiphany features a viewing area that rests atop a campus quad. Encased in a sloping berm, the outdoor observation room is topped with a elevated flat roof containing a large square oculus.

    "I'm a mound builder really," Turrell smiled about his recent string of earthwork projects in Mexico, the Netherlands and the United Arab Emirates. "This mastaba [half pyramid] shape is something that's long locked into our genes . . .

    "There were ancient mound builders in the Americas who traveled up and down the Mississippi making these huge mounds like this. That's always been interesting to me."

    But the similarity to thousand-year-old burial mounds ends there, as Turrell talks about the technical aspects of the project, which features programmable arrays of high-end speakers and LED lights for use by students at the university's highly-regarded Shepherd School of Music.

    "We've been directly involved with the music department, which is very interested in creating compositions written specifically for the space," he said.

    Seeing is believing

    Inside the space itself, observers will see the Houston sky with new eyes when they peer through the ceiling as an interior lighting display changes colors for an otherworldly optical effect. CultureMap asked Turrell what he hoped visitors would get out of the experience.

    "People feel color in relation to sound," Turrell said. "It's n o different that when you look at a lemon and you feel you could taste it. Our senses are continuous and overlapping."

    "The big thing about this work is that it's self-reflective," he explained. "You realize the colors that you're seeing in the opening aren't there and some people are astonished that the sky can look like this.

    "It's clear, of course, that I haven't changed the color of the sky — only our context of vision. In a way, this piece allows us to see ourselves seeing."

    Turrell cites a number of influences ranging from the unique soft quality of light in the Houston sky to the neurological condition of synesthesia to the color-based instruments created by modernist composer Alexander Scriabin.

    "People feel color in relation to sound," he said. "For many, when they hear a loud sound, they see a color. Or when they see a color, they hear a sort of internal music or sound. Everyone has this. It's no different than when you look at a lemon and you feel you could taste it.

    Our senses are continuous and overlapping, but this is still something we don't really understand very well."

    Twilight Epiphany's light show will be on a regular schedule for public viewing. Stay tuned to CultureMap for more details.

    ​And don't miss Shelby Hodge's exclusive story on the formal dedication, which drew major art figures from around the world.

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    Movie Review

    Avatar: Fire and Ash returns to Pandora with big action and bold visuals

    Alex Bentley
    Dec 18, 2025 | 5:00 pm
    Oona Chaplin in Avatar: Fire and Ash
    Photo courtesy of 20th Century Studios
    Oona Chaplin in Avatar: Fire and Ash.

    For a series whose first two films made over $5 billion combined worldwide, Avatar has a curious lack of widespread cultural impact. The films seem to exist in a sort of vacuum, popping up for their run in theaters and then almost as quickly disappearing from the larger movie landscape. The third of five planned movies, Avatar: Fire and Ash, is finally being released three years after its predecessor, Avatar: The Way of Water.

    The new film finds the main duo, human-turned-Na’vi Jake Sully (Sam Worthington) and his native Na’vi wife, Neytiri (Zoë Saldaña), still living with the water-loving Metkayina clan led by Ronal (Kate Winslet) and Tonowari (Cliff Curtis). While Jake and Neytiri still play a big part, the focus shifts significantly to their two surviving children, Lo’ak (Britain Dalton) and Tuk (Trinity Jo-Li Bliss), as well as two they’ve essentially adopted, Kiri (Sigourney Weaver) and Spider (Jack Champion).

    Miles Quaritch (Stephen Lang), who lives on in a fabricated Na’vi body, is still looking for revenge on Jake, and he finds help in the form of the Mangkwan Clan (aka the Ash People), led by Varang (Oona Chaplin). Quaritch’s access to human weapons and the Mangkwan’s desire for more power on the moon known as Pandora make them a nice match, and they team up to try to dominate the other tribes.

    Aside from the story, the main point of making the films for writer/director James Cameron is showing off his considerable technical filmmaking prowess, and that is on full display right from the start. The characters zoom around both the air and sea on various creatures with which they’ve bonded, providing Cameron and his team with plenty of opportunities to put the audience right there with them. Cameron’s preferred viewing method of 3D makes the experience even more immersive, even if the high frame rate he uses makes some scenes look too realistic for their own good.

    The story, as it has been in the first two films, is a mixed bag. Cameron and co-writers Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver start off well, having Jake, Neytiri, and their kids continue mourning the death of Neteyam (Jamie Flatters) in the previous film. The struggle for power provides an interesting setup, but Cameron and his team seem to drag out the conflict for much too long. This is the longest Avatar film yet, and you really start to feel it in the back half as the filmmakers add on a bunch of unnecessary elements.

    Worse than the elongated story, though, is the hackneyed dialogue that Cameron, Jaffa, and Silver have come up with. Almost every main character is forced to spout lines that diminish the importance of the events around them. The writers seemingly couldn’t resist trying to throw in jokes despite them clashing with the tone of the scenes in which they’re said. Combined with the somewhat goofy nature of the Na’vi themselves (not to mention talking whales), the eye-rolling words detract from any excitement or emotion the story builds up.

    A pre-movie behind-the-scenes short film shows how the actors act out every scene in performance capture suits, lending an authenticity to their performances. Still, some performers are better than others, with Saldaña, Worthington, and Lang standing out. It’s more than a little weird having Weaver play a 14-year-old girl, but it works relatively well. Those who actually get to show their real faces are collectively fine, but none of them elevate the film overall.

    There are undoubtedly some Avatar superfans for which Fire and Ash will move the larger story forward in significant ways. For anyone else, though, the film is a demonstration of both the good and bad sides of Cameron. As he’s proven for 40 years, his visuals are (almost) beyond reproach, but the lack of a story that sticks with you long after you’ve left the theater keeps the film from being truly memorable.

    ---

    Avatar: Fire and Ash opens in theaters on December 19.

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