Mythbuster
The real history of daylight saving time: Whom to blame for your crankiness allweek
It's been almost a week since the end of daylight-saving time (DST) and even the most least-well adjusted among us should be about used to the fall back.
As some grammar enthusiasts may know, the “saving” is actually singular, as the word is not a noun, but an adjective describing “time.” (The hyphen is optional.) Additionally, no part of the phrase is capitalized. However, correcting people will only annoy and confuse them, like explaining that the word “forte” is actually pronounced “fort” not “four-TAY” or insisting that sentences can begin with conjunctions. You're better off biting your tongue.
The spring (“spring forward”) time change is the actual daylight-saving time. Technically now we’re back on "standard time." Arizona goes against-the-grain and does not observe daylight-saving time. Since the rest of the country has returned to “standard” time, Arizona is back to keeping the same time as the other mountain states.
Why do we observe daylight-saving time? Take a guess which of the following is the real explanation:
Explanation 1: This way children don’t have to walk to the bus stop in the dark.
Explanation 2: Farmers benefit by the extra hour of sunlight in the evening.
Explanation 3: The Salem Witch Trials prompted a desire for more daylight in the summer “witching” months in hopes of decreasing witchcraft, which was presumed only to be practiced in the dark.
Explanation 4: Benjamin Franklin proposed the idea to save candles.
Explanation 5: It reduces evening usage of electricity.
The real answer? Well, the first explanation would explain why we “fall back” to normal time in autumn, but not why we “spring forward” in the warmer months. The second myth is simply untrue as the change to daylight-saving time only hurts farmers. They’d prefer that we stick to standard time, which Indiana's farmers have successfully accomplished in certain counties. As for the third myth, I made that up on my coffee break. (Feel free to circulate the misinformation.)
Some historians incorrectly attribute DST to Benjamin Franklin. During his time as an American envoy to France, Franklin, author of the proverb, "Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise", anonymously published a letter suggesting Parisians save on candles by rising earlier to use morning sunlight. What starts as a logical argument becomes absurd satire as Franklin argues for taxing shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public with church bells and cannons at sunrise.
According to RadioLab (Season 1 | Episode 4) 18th-century Europe (and America) did not have standardized time. Most towns used the sun to determine appropriate time. This resulted in variability from town to town.
The expansion of communication networks, especially the popularization of trains, demanded we adopt a standardized time.
(Fun/ Sad Fact: Did you know that Houston’s city seal is of a railroad? Up until the auto industry’s successful lobbying and the subsequent removal of rail, the bayou city was known as a forerunner in rail transportation.)
If you believed the final myth that DST saves energy costs, you're right... sort of. Modern DST was actually first proposed in 1895 by George Vernon Hudson. Adopted in WWI, it originally intended to conserve electricity, especially the use of incandescent lighting. Now modern heating and cooling usage suck up way more energy than lights.
The only true upside? Businesses benefit. Adding daylight to afternoons in the warmer months helps retailing, sports, and other activities that exploit sunlight after working hours. The idea is that if it’s light outside when you get off work, you’re more likely to go shopping or partake in recreational activities. Some studies also suggest that traffic fatalities are reduced when there is extra afternoon daylight.
So if benefits are limited and widely contested, why should we bother with daylight-saving time?
- DST is one more thing that separates the Western world from other countries. It’s snobby.
- The confusion regarding DST’s capitalization and plural/singular allows us grammar geeks to gloat.
- You can blame the time change and show up an hour late or an hour early to anything for a week.
- It's yet another reason to hate Arizona.
- It helps the fly-over state of Indiana feel special.
- It further alienates older generations who wear wrist watches (which usually do not automatically update) from those of us who use our cell phones as clocks.
When it comes down to it, we’re used to the practice. Americans loathe change. However, if you’re annoyed by the hour difference, you’re not alone. Numerous kind of crazy but kind of serious websites call for Americans to rally to overturn the time change. However, doing so would set us apart from Canada and Western Europe.
Regardless if you're for or against DST, don't let the time change muddle your business affairs. When planning a rendezvous, it's best to list the meeting time in the other person's time zone. If you're confused about which countries made the daylight-saving time switch or just need to know what time it is in another city, try timeanddate.com for a quick conversion.